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The generator is a rotating machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. There are several types of generators: synchronous and asynchronous. Today in our article we are going to give you more information about each one of them so that you can better understand its operation and its possible uses.
Both generators are made up of a stator (fixed part) and a rotor (moving part). The difference between synchronous and asynchronous motors lies in the rotor:
- The rotor of synchronous generators is made up of a magnet or electromagnet, while that of asynchronous motors can be of two types: squirrel cage or winding.
- In both types of generator, the speed of rotation of the magnetic field is known as the synchronous speed . However, in the case of the synchronous generator, the motor rotates at the same speed as the magnetic field. On the other hand, in the asynchronous generator, the rotor is an electromagnet, with an iron core and a winding (the squirrel cage), which needs to act as a magnet, that its winding cut lines of force of the rotating magnetic field. For this to happen, the rotation of the rotor must lag behind the rotating magnetic field.
- A synchronous generator is built similar to an asynchronous generator except that a turbine drives the rotor, and the stator terminals produce three-phase electrical power.
Advantages of an asynchronous generator:
- The fabrication of an asynchronous generator is usually simpler and more robust than a synchronous generator. It is kept in good condition without the need for complex maintenance.
- The asynchronous generator does not require the use of a separate circuit for its operation and is started directly.
- It does not need voltage regulation, since it is imposed by the external network. This type of generator is a good alternative in wind power plants, where wind speeds vary a lot.
- Asynchronous motors allow a wide range of applications. Most of the industrial machinery can work thanks to an asynchronous motor.
Advantages of a synchronous generator:
- The synchronous motor can be built with high performance over a wide range of speeds, thus offering significant energy savings at a wide variety of loads.
- It can be directly connected to a high voltage network without the need for transformers.
- They also work as synchronous capacitors with the consequent increase in the power factor of the network.
- The speed of a synchronous generator always remains fixed, regardless of the load. This can turn out to be a considerable advantage for some applications.
- Another advantage of the synchronous generator is its better stability in applications with variable frequency drives. The variable speed synchronous motor is recommended for applications with high torque, low speed and a wide range of speed regulation.
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